Model Railroad Blog

Tom Johnson’s Weathering Method

Tom Johnson just posted an exceptional weathering tutorial on his FB page. He was kind enough to let me share it here. Thanks Tom! (Tom uses a Paasche model H airbrush. Fifty bucks on Amazon)

Here are some weathered Incentive Per Diem boxcars for my mid 80’s Cass County and will be spotted often on my new team track. I researched all of the Athearn models I have and they all were found as far as the late 80’s with original reporting marks so all of mine fit. Plus, the weathering would still be fairly medium at most. They are mostly air brushed! This is my standard procedure for a moderately weathered car. I use flat Testor’s enamel paints I find at Hobby Lobby. I still like enamel paint thinned with a 50/50 mix of Testors Dullcote and Lacquer thinner. I fill up a one ounce jar and add just a few drops of the colors I use for weathering. I always build up the air brush layers until I’m happy.

For most colors of cars, I start with a thinned white for fading. I spray the thinned white overall and then spray several spots from top to bottom between ribs that represent the rippled effect in the sheet metal. Keep this very light!

Spray a layer of Dullcote.

Dry brush a grungy oil paint color along both sides of every rib and around the doors and its detail. I use a small brush and this is DRY BRUSHING! Scrub most of the paint out onto a rag or paper towel. I also add this shade along the edges and inside some of the detail on the roof and ends. I follow by cleaning up using a Q-Tip soaked with some Turpenoid. I run the Q-tip up and down on both sides of every rib and around the doors to get rid of excess oil weathering. I want to keep it close to the ribs and door edges and detail.

Add another coat of Dullcote.

Mix another very thin solution of a grungy color using the Testor’s flat paints and the full one ounce jar of 50/50 thinner and Dullcote. I mix flat black, flat rust, and flat gray. That gives me a nice color that is similar to the old Floquil Grimy Black. I lightly spray this shade up along the bottom edges on the sides and feather out moving upward between the ribs. I sometimes like to feather a tiny bit of this color from the top down. I also spray this color across the roof and feathering out from the outside edges inward. The ends are pretty straight from one edge to the other and top to bottom. I’ll finish by doing more very light dry brushing with a bushy brush around the door detail, door runners, and sometimes I’ll scrub them in just a bit between the ribs to bring out even more of a rippled effect. I like using Burnt Sienna for this that gives you a more lively fresh rust look but it will be very subtle. You may not even notice it in my photos.

Another coat of Dullcote to finish. I actually like about a 50/50 mix of Glosscote and Dullcote. It will give the car a sheen and not dead flat. No piece of rolling stock is dead flat.

I mix a thicker version of my grungy color and spray the under frame. I don’t spend a lot of time in this area because you can’t see it on the layout. It’s a waste of time weathering most under frames. I spray my thicker grungy color on the under frame and call it quits.

I use the same thick grungy color for my trucks and wheels. I then highlight with a brighter rusty color of oil paint around the bearings and the springs.

Finish once again with straight Dullcote for the trucks. I do want them dead flat.

Boots On The Ground

When doing prototype research for layout design, we all rely heavily upon online aerial photos. Such imagery is invaluable. However….it’s crucial to understand the limitations of this approach. You miss a lot. The above shot, taken in Vernon, CA shows where the Harbor Subdivision splits off of the main near 25th and 26th Streets. At first glance, there really isn’t anything that noteworthy, right? Actually, that’s not the case and therein lies the problem.

As deep dive, model railroad writing goes, I’m not sure anything will ever eclipse the quality and depth of the seven-part V&O series written by Allen McClelland and Tony Koester in the 1970s. Within the articles, a constant theme emerged. In order to pull off a plausible representation of Appalachian railroading, it was crucial to visit the region and visit it often….and so they did. Wiser advice was never written as it applies to layout design. It is simply impossible to capture the vibe of a place without visiting it. Relying solely on sitting on one’s rump in front of a computer screen will most certainly result in missing crucial key pieces. It will limit you from experiencing your theme to the extent that you could. It will limit the quality and success of your design.

This reality was brought front and center on my recent trip to LA. If you look at the lead aerial, nothing really jumps out at you. The problem is this: there is a LOT there that doesn’t stand out in the aerial.

I’ve taken the lead photo and highlighted areas that don’t stand out in the aerials, but are fairly impressive in person.

26th and Minerva Avenue facing south towards Reliance Steel. You’d never guess from online photos there was so much of value from a modeling standpoint in that area.

It’s difficult to capture the towering mass of Reliance Steel in photographs. It…is…gigantic!

The above three images were taken in the vicinity of 25th, 26th, and Minerva Avenue. This several-block area is loaded with texture that would be easy to overlook.

Like everybody, I had spent dozens of hours studying aerials of the Harbor Subdivision in contemplating it as a theme for a new layout. After visiting it in person, I was taken aback by how much I’d missed….the model worthiness of Harbor Junction, the 25th/26th/Minerva scenes, I could go on and on.

Most of my readers are very immersed in the hobby. It brings them immense satisfaction. Given the importance it plays in our lives, it makes sense to invest in doing it right….and that means buying playing tickets, and putting boots on the ground. Seeing our subject in person. Making discoveries. Gaining a sense for its size, vibe, and geographic relationships. It’s one of the best experiences life has to offer, I promise.

Going Back In Time

A pair of CF7s toil away on The Palmetto Spur, a layout designed for acquiring the most crucial asset we need to embark on a model railroad layout: basic skills.

Going back in time and getting a redo on some of our past life decisions, the thought crosses all of our minds. Unfortunately, the harsh reality is you can’t. You have to live with the consequences of those decisions, hence the topic of today’s post.

We’d all like to think that we are unique in our life circumstances. Surprisingly, less so than we think. We have a lot more company, more folks in the same boat than we realize.

There’s a pattern I see over and over, among modeling enthusiasts. It’s a series of subtle decisions made over decades. They are inconsequential in the short term. That makes them all the more dangerous because, added up over time, they are consequential in the long term. There is no recovery. There’s no recovery because you simply can’t go back in time and get that redo. It’s the decision not to do anything. You can’t recover those lost decades.

Here’s what happens. You have a smart individual, professionally successful, professionally driven, and extremely knowledgeable about all aspects of railroading. Career and life being what they are, this individual puts off building anything until “some day”, usually retirement.

Someday does arrive. Time is now available, as are ample financial resources, and a nice home. As it turns out, these guys were sincere all along. They are now ready to start that dream layout. They begin the planning process. They have everything they need….finally….right? Nope.

They don’t have the skills to build it, not even the most rudimentary ones. Of more importance, and more subtle, they don’t know what they don’t know. They don’t have a gut understanding of how much work is involved in building X square feet of layout. It’s often much, much than they realize. They don’t have a gut understanding of how many square feet it takes to make them happy (often much less than they think). Because of this benign ignorance, they often assume they need a multi-deck monstrosity to spin off the level of satisfaction they’ve been dreaming about for decades. Without the requisite skills, however, this never ends well.

Then it hits them, and hits them hard, the “Holy shit, I’m screwed” epiphany. True, you can start the skills-building process at retirement, but you’ve lost decades, and you’re at the bottom of the mountain.

Sadly, this mess could’ve been avoided simply by seeing into the future and planning for it. Sure, many people are truly swamped with life. I get it. However, every person has time to build at least a simple one turnout plank, throw it on the wall, and use it for one reason, and one reason only, to build the basic skills. To gain a gut understanding of the relationship between how much layout spins off how much enjoyment, how much work is involved in building and maintaining an X size layout. (Still short on time? Reduce screen time by 30 minutes a week, and there you go).

Many years ago, I wrote an article on this very subject for MR, All You Need to Know in Four Square Feet. I also wrote a book on the subject that could serve as a road map. I caution you against falling into the avoidance behavior trap of spending much time on design specifics. At this junction, the design format doesn’t matter other than keeping it very simple. The key point is to get something simple up on the wall and start thrashing around. Will it look like a crude soap carving? Probably. First efforts generally do. There will be mistakes, likely many. It’s out of those mistakes and slogging in the mud that the foundation of skills you’ll need down the road will be forged.

That day you’re looking forward to will arrive, the day you can FINALLY have that dream layout, of this I’m sure. Prepare for it now so you can make the most of it.

Arrow Reload Systems – An Ideal Subject for A Switching Layout

A telephoto shot facing southward (towards Fruitland Avenue) into the Arrow Reload complex in Vernon, CA. There are at least four customers in this shot, the hoppers on the left, the coil car, two gondolas, and a different hopper customer barely visible on the right behind the switchstand. There’s lots of action and car variety in a small amount of space making for an ideal modeling subject.

In my book, “8 Track Plans for Modern Era Switching Layouts,” I devoted an entire chapter to BNSF’s Harbor Subdivision. Within that chapter, I delve extensively into the team track operation a few blocks east of the yard and drew up a track plan for it as a stand-alone layout.

On my recent trip to LA, I was finally able to see it in person and was pleasantly surprised by how active it still is. Fellow LA modeler Ken Dobiecki did some research and sent me a note that the operation is now run by Arrow Reload Systems. Matthew Velazquez of LA Rail Productions produced an extensive rail fan video of the yard switcher working the Arrow yard (start of video to the 4:25 mark)

A Bing Birdseye view of the yard. On this day several flats of steel are spotted under the gantry crane.

Another Birdseye view taken on a different day. In this view, four boxcars are spotted at the ramp.

The Arrow team track yard would be an ideal first layout for somebody new to the hobby.

The LA Trip

A gift from the heavens. Cloudy all day, the sun finally broke out during the golden hour just as this southbound transfer run from Hobart Yard appeared on the horizon. I’m standing on the south sidewalk of Pacific Blvd., facing north. Malabar Yard is directly behind me. The tank cars are from Exxon/Mobil about a half mile to the north.

There’s nothing that makes me feel more alive than visiting an industrial rail site in person. The experience isn’t even close to the same as what you get from photos and videos. The sites, the sounds, the energy, the people you meet. Everything seems so much bigger and richer. Then there’s the thrill of the photographic hunt.

At the top of the pyramid of experiences is LA. I’ve always loved the city, its energy, prosperity, and work ethic, the industrial urgency, the laidback friendliness of the people, the optimism. As luck would have it, there was a very heavy, low cloud layer most of the trip. During the golden hour on the first day, the clouds parted, and I was able to get some art shots. The rest of the photos will be extremely useful from a documentation standpoint, but will need some significant time with the photo editor to clean up. Malabar was hopping. Vernon was buzzing with citizens on the sidewalks, food stands on the corners, workers doing their thing, noise from the industries, and trucks flying everywhere. Follow along as I walk you through my two-day odyssey.

Now we’re about a mile to the north at UP’s “J Yard”. Facing East/Northeast with the iconic Art Deco Sears building on the horizon. My guess is the tank cars are for Sweetener Products a short distance down the Alameda Industrial Lead.

The Malabar yard job/local blocks cars with a series of north/south shoves. We’re looking south towards the yard. The cars are for Exxon/Mobil. Two major streets were blocked for a good ten minutes. That was great for me but the motorists stuck behind the crossing gates were less impressed.

The weather was gloomy so the number of beauty shots was very limited. Nonetheless, I did a get a lot of documentation photos a few of which I’ll post here. We’re starting at the north at the LA River crossing to Harbor Junction, and then doing a hard turn to the south towards Malabar.

Since I only had a limited amount of time, I planned my list of “targets” carefully and limited the scope to a fairly small area. It’s only about 1.3 miles from Harbor Junction to the end of Malabar, about a thirty-minute walk. Parking was plentiful, so I used both car and foot to move around. It can be hard to get a sense of distance from looking at a map, but a lot of these photo locations are only a ten-minute walk from each other. It’s a safe walk too, students with backpacks, workers, moms with strollers, food vendors on the sidewalks.

Facing north up the LA River. The Harbor Subdivision branch to Malabar is on the smaller bridge in the foreground.

The first rail-served industry is Dar Pro Solutions. We’re facing eastward with the river just beyond the blue tanks. Note the “Harbor Junction” sign in front of the blue tanks.

Reliance Steel is an imposing landmark structure seen in a lot of railfan photos and videos. It is no longer rail-served.

Located mid-point down the branch is Exxon/Mobil, the largest customer.

Here’s the “money shot” scene of Malabar seen in so many photos. Pabco Paper is on the right, Kennedy Name Plate is on the left. Fairly recent aerial photos show a boxcar spotted on the Pabco spur. I’m not sure if it’s still rail-served. If you look into the distance, you’ll see the locos tied up for the day. There’s a bus stop behind me, so in a lot of photos you’ll see pedestrians taking a shortcut through the yard to get to it.

Kennedy Name Plate flanks the east side of the entrance to Malabar Yard. It appears in numerous historic photos.

Looking east down 46th Street we get a block’s worth of street running. The rails turn right beyond the yield sign and run two blocks to the team yard.

The historic team yard seen in so many photos. It’s now run by a logistics firm called Arrow Re-loading. We’re looking south towards Fruitland. The yard is fairly full with hoppers, gondolas, and steel coil cars. I’ve seen flatcars of steel in there as well.

49th Street cuts across the middle of Malabar Yard. That must be fun for the crews! On the right is Centennial Steel, a visual landmark. It’s not rail-served though.

BNSF uses this shoving platform for it’s moves between Hobart and Malabar, a modeler’s dream!

I have another hundred or so photos but these give a sense for things. Because of the heavy cloud cover, editing them to make them presentable will take some time.