Model Railroad Blog

Working With Powdery Soils

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Working with powdery soils is difficult from the standpoint of getting a flat, smooth surface, free of ridges, bumps, and craters.  There are two challenges.  First is applying the material smoothly.  Second is applying the adhesive without disrupting your application.

To get a smooth application, avoid pouring the material from a cup.  Instead, use a fine meshed sifter.  Pour your material into the sifter and lightly bounce it up and down and swing it side to side until you’ve covered your entire surface area.  If additional smoothing or dress up is needed use large, soft, flat brushes.

Next comes applying the adhesive.  I prefer dilute matte medium from Scenic Express.  Pick up a spray bottle that produces a super fine, gentle, mist.  Fill it with a water and add a touch of rubbing alcohol or detergent to aid in breaking up the surface tension.  Spray your soil base that so that it’s saturated but not puddling.  I use an eye dropper to apply the matte medium.  If you’re not careful applying the drops, you’ll end up with unsightly ridges or craters.  Start at the edge of your soil area and liberally apply the adhesive around the edges.  Wait a moment and let the capillary action draw it into the soil as far as possible.  To hit the remaining dry areas, hold the dropper just a hair above the surface and very gently squeeze out a drop.  Again, see how far the capillary action carries it.  Repeat until the entire surface is saturated.  If you end up with any ridges or bumps lightly smooth them out with a flat, smooth, brush.

The Quest For “Perfect” Research

As prototype modelers a large part of our job, and a fun part at that, is researching our prototype.  Although there are a variety of sources for trying to pin down the elusive clue as to what the “typical” situation was in the area we model, by and large we are totally dependent upon photos.  We may be able to augment it here and there but for the most part the photos carry the lion’s share.  The problem is that a photo only shows what the situation was the fraction of a second the lens was opened.  I’ve stood on weed-choked rights of way, surely abandoned, only to be surprised seconds later by a locomotive coming around the corner.  An aerial photo may show an entire town totally devoid of freight cars.  Does that mean rail service has been abandoned?  Could be, particularly in this day and age.  However, it might mean that the local came by an hour before the shot and swept away the empties.

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 For almost ten years, Bing Birdseye has consistently shown Seaboard Terminals totally devoid of cars.  Surely rail service has been discontinued, right?

 

Case in point, Miami’s East Rail industrial park.  When I first started researching it in 2006, the busiest customer was Seaboard Terminals Warehouse.  On the day of one of early my site visits the local was wrestling with spotting no less than a dozen cars.  Then, for reasons unknown, all rail service appeared to abruptly stop in 2007 or 2008.  The track was maintained but from 2008 through 2015, a period that included three site visits, I never saw a car spotted there again.  Bing Birdseye and Google Streetview backed that up.  Not one car.   I had long since concluded that this once vibrant industry had given up the ghost as far as rail service was concerned.

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By chance I happened to check Bing’s traditional aerial view and found this shot, dated 2015, showing that I was wrong, Seaboard was still rail served.

 

Last week while researching how to find time stamps on Bing Birdseye (and learning you can’t) I came across a post that stated time stamps were posted on Bings traditional aerial view.  Out of curiosity I went back to East Rail with Bing Aerial and to my considerable surprise, guess what popped up in the image?  Two high cubes spotted at Seaboard and documented with a time stamp of February 2015.  I was wrong.  They were still taking cars.  The takeaway is that the only “perfect” research is living in the area and dropping by the site every week or so, or having an inside contact at the railroad that works the job frequently.  Photos will only tell you so much.

All Done, Now What?

Following Up on a Successful Launch

 

By far the biggest obstacle facing the entry level modeler is overcoming inertia, getting that first layout off the launching pad, and operating reliably.   Doing so is an enormous achievement.  Things flow much easier after hitting that first milestone.  The primary reason I’m an advocate for smaller, simpler layouts going in is that it stacks the odds of success in your favor.

Lately I’ve gotten more and more emails and photos of well done first attempts that are up and running.  The sense of satisfaction obtained by these modelers is very evident.

So,  you’ve got that modest switching layout up and running smoothly.  Now what?  What’s the next step?  How do you maintain that positive momentum?  This is a hobby and the only measure of success is how much satisfaction you extract from it.  My experience is that satisfaction is generally tied to a relaxed but generally upward trending advancement of skills and knowledge.   By relaxed I mean really relaxed.  That said, if there is no upward movement at all, stagnation tends to set in.   Here are a few ideas for that next step:

  • Keep the existing layout but gradually replace small sections with higher quality modeling that reflects your newer and better skill set.  For example,  make a second attempt at some of the structures in an effort to increase the quality somewhat.  Remove a foot or two of track and try your hand at more detailed weathering and ballast.  Remove a half square foot of scenery and re-do it.  Focus on improved color treatment and cleaner, more subtle, execution.  Compare your model against prototype photos.
  • Keep the existing layout but switch your attention to improving your freight car painting and weathering skills.
  • Replace the existing layout entirely with something of similar size but with design tweaks that reflect your higher level of self-awareness and knowledge.
  • Replace the layout with something slightly larger.  If you’re a beginner I wouldn’t reach beyond doubling the square footage for the second attempt.

Some things you can only learn by doing and the only way to zero in on which aspects of the hobby interest you the most is to dive in and start building.  Make mental notes about what aspects of your layout you like and which aspects you’d like to change on the next attempt.

Two Points of View

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 The camera lens gives us tremendous power to interpret and frame our scenes in a way we find personally appealing.

There are two primary reasons we build model railroads.  First is the satisfaction of creation and assembly.  The second reason, which often plays out sub-consciously and tends be emotionally driven, is much more powerful.  We want to be transported to a time, place, or experience that is deeply meaningful to us.

There are two points of view, two ways of visually experiencing our layouts.  The first way, obviously the most common, is to simply stand there and look at it.  One thing this method has going for it is simplicity.  You just open your eyes and gaze!  Without realizing it though, just looking at a layout is problematic.  It’s an unrealistic point of view.  There is a disconnect between what we see looking at a layout with the naked eye and what we would expect if we were standing rail side looking at an actual railroad.  The angles are totally different and the eye catches all sorts of nasty things such as the surrounding room, the fascia, etc.  Standing and looking at our layouts give us a helicopter view which, no matter how well executed, generally drives home the reality that they are still plastic toys.

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Basic, un-edited, ‘helicopter view’ model railroad shot

 

There’s another option.  We can alter, interpret, and transform the point view in such a way that our models do look like the compelling subjects that capture our imagination to the point where we spend a lifetime modeling them.  The way we attain this more deserving viewpoint is through the camera lens, through the magic of photography.  The camera allows us to present our work in breathtaking ways that makes us view our hobby in an entirely new light.

As modelers we are in the entertainment business.  A well produced movie that is emotionally compelling makes no apologies for the cinematic tricks that were employed to get us there.  Not only is there no apology for the techniques, they are celebrated.  The same should hold true for model railroad photography.   Whether it be lighting, photo stacking software, background removal software, or photo editing tools, any photographic technique that enhances our hobby experience should be employed without a second thought.

The goal of hobby photography is often misunderstood.  It’s a totally personal, totally selfish pursuit which, at its core,  is about experiencing your layout the way you intended to.  It’s about finding a way to visually experience and be transported into your creation.  The camera allows us to frame and present the model as we actually intended.  As a modeler gains experience, hones his craft, becomes more and more adept at building, the viewing angle issue looms larger.  The better the model, and over time you do get much, much better, the more you miss out by not having your work presented in the best possible light.  Who misses out?  You do.  Skilled modelers that don’t make the minimal effort to acquire the basic photography skills do a tremendous disservice to themselves.  I feel bad for them because they are selling themselves short from the standpoint of not seeing their fine efforts viewed in the most favorable light.

I often ask myself why there is so much resistance among modelers when it comes to improving their photography.  The first reason is basic human nature, the inertia associated with trying something new.  There is the misconception that photography is much more difficult than it actually is.  The digital era has shortened the learning curve to the point where, with a few days of trial and error, the novice can achieve excellent results.

The second misconception is about cost.  There is the misguided belief that the necessary tools are more expensive than they are.  The nature of our times is that photographers upgrade to new equipment long before the original has worn out.  This results in a vast market of high quality, low cost, used equipment that is perfectly acceptable.

In terms of basic equipment and associated costs, this is what you’re looking at (brands just suggestions):

  • Lighting. Use tungsten 3200K photo floods. (for small subjects simply shoot outdoors in natural sunlight) :  Lighting is THE most critical aspect of effective photography, even more so than the camera itself.  Start with two tungsten photo bulbs.  Without this most basic purchase you are wasting your time with the entire photographic process.  After my blog on the futility of relying on fluorescent lighting for photography I got a lot of push back from my blog readers.  I remain un-apologetic, un-repentant!  Buy decent lights or don’t bother.  One brand is Eiko 500 watt tungstens.  Cost: $10 to $20 total.
  • Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera (Digital SLR):  A good starting point would be a Canon Rebel.  Cost on ebay (used): $160 to $220
  • Photo editing software.  Suggested brand: Adobe Elements.  Cost on ebay (used): $15
  • Tripod: Suggested brand Slik. Cost on ebay (used) $65

You’ve spent decades building models and gotten to the point where you are pretty darn good at it.  Don’t you owe it yourself to reap the rewards and experience your models in the best possible light?  I think you do.

4722 S. Everett Avenue

I’ve finally finished up the structure at 4722 South Everett Avenue.  Although I was able to obtain several dozen photos from my trip to the area last fall, the screen captures from Google Streetview ended up being more usable due to better lighting.  With this project I experimented with adding a lot more depth to the core with the window and door insets.  It was more time consuming and complicated but worth it I believe.  As modelers we are adding color to a surface and it becomes a matter of what is the most effective and practical matter to do it, paint or photo laminate.

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The security bars are from Tichy, the vents from Walthers, and the window ac unit from BLMA.  The rust stains under the windows were applied by very, very, lightly drawing down a tiny application of Bragdon weathering powders.

 

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The conduit is .039″ spring wire (unpainted) with joints drawn in with a Sharpie and a coat of Dullcote.  The brackets are a sliver of .020″x.040″ styrene strip.

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Here’s the artwork for anybody that wants to have a go of it.  Print it out at 3.3 inches tall.